- ḫa
- am
- mu
- ra
- bi
𒀀𒈬𒈬𒌓𒌅𒊏𒀀 𒅆𒊭 𒈾𒀀𒈬𒂍𒁲 𒀀𒄑𒋛𒂍𒊏 𒀀 𒈬𒀀𒈾 𒉡𒄩𒌓 𒄩𒀀𒊭 𒁀𒂍𒂍𒈾 𒁲𒂍𒀀𒁲 𒄑𒌓𒊏 𒀀𒁀𒌓𒌅𒋛 𒋛𒄩𒊏𒂍𒂍 𒋛𒄩𒌓𒌅𒊭𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒊭𒂍𒌨𒂍𒈾 𒄩𒌅𒈾𒁲𒊏𒂍𒁲 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒊭𒂍𒌨𒂍𒈾𒋛𒉌 𒉌𒂍𒀀𒊏𒊭 ·
𒄩𒀀𒈬𒈬𒌅𒊏𒀀𒁀𒅆 𒉡𒀀𒊭 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒊭𒅆𒐊𒋛𒄩 𒅗𒅆𒈾𒃲 𒌓𒄑 𒁀𒀀𒁀𒉌𒇻𒌓𒈾 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒊏𒂍𒅆𒃲𒈾𒂍𒁲 𒄑𒊏𒌓𒈬 𒀀𒊏𒌓𒌅𒈾𒁲 𒀸𒅅𒈠𒁕 𒋛𒌓 𒀸𒅅𒄀𒁹 𒁀𒆠 · 𒄩𒂍 𒉡𒀀𒊭 𒀀𒈾 𒀀𒈬𒌓𒊏𒅆𒋛𒂍 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒅆𒈾 𒄩𒅆𒊭 𒌓𒉡𒈾 𒇻𒀀𒈾𒃲𒌅𒀀𒃲𒂍 𒄩𒅆𒊭 𒈾𒀀𒈬𒂍 𒉡𒀀𒊭 𒀀𒈬𒈬𒌅𒊏𒀀𒁉𒅆 · 𒅆𒋛 𒅆𒊭 𒁀𒌅𒅆𒇻𒋛 𒌓𒌅𒋛 𒌓𒄑 𒋛𒉡𒌓 𒌓𒊏𒁲𒅆𒈾𒀀𒊏𒉌 𒉡𒌓𒊏𒁲𒊭 ·
𒀀𒈬𒈬𒌅 𒁉𒀀𒋛𒂍𒊏𒈾𒀀𒇻 𒅗𒅆𒈾𒊭𒈬𒀀𒈾 · 𒊏𒀀𒁉𒅆 𒄩𒂍𒀀𒇻𒂍𒊏 · 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒅗𒅆𒈾𒊭𒈬𒀀𒈾 𒅆𒊭 𒀀 𒄩𒂍𒀀𒇻𒂍𒊏 ·
𒉡𒄩𒉌 𒄩𒅆𒈬
𒈾𒌓𒋛 𒄑𒌓𒊏 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒆠𒌓𒈾𒆪𒌅𒂍𒊭𒋛𒊭 𒋛𒄩𒌓𒌅𒃲𒄩 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒊏𒂍 𒉡𒂍𒊏𒂍 𒁉𒇻𒂍𒈾𒋛𒉌 𒇻𒀀𒊏𒊭𒀀 𒂍𒊭𒄩𒈾𒌅𒈾𒈾𒀀 𒈬𒀀𒊏𒅆 𒈾𒂍𒀀𒊏𒇻𒉌 𒀀𒇻𒇻 𒌓𒄑 𒈬𒂍𒊭𒌓𒁉𒌓𒋛𒀀𒈬𒅆𒀀 𒌅𒈾𒁲𒂍𒊏 𒌓𒈾𒂍 𒊏𒌅𒇻𒂍 𒁀𒉌 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒂍𒈾𒁲 · 𒋛𒄩𒌓𒊭𒂍 𒀀𒊏𒂍 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒁉𒀀𒊏𒋛 𒌓𒄑 𒄩𒅆𒈬 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒆠𒂍𒈾𒋛𒌅𒊏𒅆𒂍𒊭 𒆪𒌅𒅆𒂍𒋛𒇻𒉌 𒁲𒊏𒌓𒁉𒁉𒂍𒁲 ·
𒉡𒄩𒀀𒋛 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒉌 𒅗𒂍𒁉𒋛 𒅆𒊭 𒀀 𒁀𒇻𒌓𒆠𒅗 𒌓𒄑 𒁀𒀀𒊭𒀀𒇻𒋛 𒋛𒀀𒇻𒇻𒂍𒊏 𒋛𒄩𒀀𒈾 𒀀 𒈬𒀀𒈾 𒆠𒀀𒊏𒌨𒂍𒁲 𒉡𒅆𒋛𒄩 𒋛𒉡𒌓 𒄩𒌅𒈾𒁲𒊏𒂍𒁲 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒂍𒅆𒃲𒄩𒋛𒉌 𒋛𒉡𒌓 𒇻𒀀𒉡𒊭 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒊭𒂍𒋛 𒌅𒁉 𒅆𒈾 𒁉𒌅𒁀𒇻𒅆𒆠 · 𒋛𒄩𒀀𒋛 𒇻𒀀𒊭𒋛 𒁉𒀀𒊏𒋛 𒅆𒊭 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒉡𒄩𒌓𒇻𒂍 𒌓𒄑 𒅆𒋛 · 𒁀𒂍𒄑𒌓𒊏𒂍 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒊏𒌅𒇻𒂍𒊭 𒇻𒅆𒌨𒂍𒁲 𒉡𒅆𒋛𒄩 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒁉𒂍𒌓𒁉𒇻𒂍 𒉡𒄩𒌓 𒂍𒈾𒄑𒌓𒊏𒆠𒂍𒁲 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒈬 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒉌𒌓𒌅 𒄑𒌓𒌅𒈾𒁲 𒌓𒌅𒋛 𒉡𒄩𒀀𒋛 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒉌 𒉡𒂍𒊏𒂍 𒁀𒉌 𒁀𒊏𒂍𒀀𒅗𒅆𒈾𒃲 𒌓𒈾𒂍 · 𒆠𒌅𒋛𒋛𒅆𒈾𒃲 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒈬 𒅆𒈾𒋛𒌓 𒊭𒋛𒌓𒈾𒂍 𒅆𒈾 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒌓𒁉𒂍𒈾 𒆠𒄩𒀀𒈾𒃲𒂍𒁲 𒉡𒄩𒌓 𒉡𒀀𒊭 𒀀𒇻𒇻𒌓𒉡𒂍𒁲 𒋛𒌓 𒅗𒈾𒌓𒉡 ·
𒋛𒄩𒀀𒋛 𒅆𒊭 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒅆𒁲𒂍𒀀 𒋛𒄩𒅆𒊭 𒆠𒌓𒈬𒁉𒀀𒈾𒉌 𒅆𒊭 𒈾𒀀𒈬𒂍𒁲 𒀀𒄑𒋛𒂍𒊏 · 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒋛𒌓𒌓𒇻𒊭 𒄑𒌓𒊏 𒁀𒌅𒅆𒇻𒁲𒅆𒈾𒃲 𒀀 𒁀𒌅𒊭𒅆𒈾𒂍𒊭𒊭 𒄩𒀀𒌨𒂍 𒈬𒌓𒊭𒋛𒇻𒉌 𒁀𒂍𒇻𒌓𒈾𒃲𒂍𒁲 𒋛𒌓 𒁉𒂍𒌓𒁉𒇻𒂍 𒉡𒄩𒌓 𒆠𒌓𒌅𒇻𒁲 𒀀𒇻𒊏𒂍𒀀𒁲𒉌 𒀀𒄑𒄑𒌓𒊏𒁲 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒈬 · 𒉡𒂍 𒉡𒌓𒌅𒇻𒁲 𒊏𒀀𒋛𒄩𒂍𒊏 𒁉𒌅𒋛 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒈬 𒉡𒄩𒂍𒊏𒂍 𒉌𒌓𒌅 𒆠𒀀𒈾 𒊏𒂍𒀀𒆠𒄩 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒈬 ·
𒉡𒄩𒀀𒋛 𒄩𒀀𒁉𒁉𒂍𒈾𒂍𒁲 𒋛𒌓 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒊭𒋛𒌓𒈾𒂍
𒅆𒋛 𒉡𒀀𒊭 𒇻𒌓𒌓𒋛𒂍𒁲 · 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒂍𒇻𒀀𒈬𒅆𒋛𒂍𒊭 𒆠𒀀𒊏𒊏𒅆𒂍𒁲 𒅆𒋛 𒌓𒄑𒄑 𒋛𒌓 𒊭𒌅𒊭𒀀 𒅆𒈾 𒉡𒄩𒀀𒋛 𒅆𒊭 𒈾𒌓𒉡 𒅆𒊏𒀀𒈾 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒊏𒂍 𒅆𒋛 𒊭𒋛𒀀𒉌𒂍𒁲 𒄑𒀀𒆠𒂍 𒁲𒌓𒉡𒈾 𒅆𒈾 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒁲𒅆𒊏𒋛 𒄑𒌓𒊏 𒊭𒌓𒈬𒂍𒋛𒄩𒅆𒈾𒃲 𒇻𒅆𒅗𒂍 𒋛𒉡𒂍𒈾𒋛𒉌 𒊭𒅆𒐊 𒆠𒂍𒈾𒋛𒌅𒊏𒅆𒂍𒊭 · 𒅆𒋛 𒉡𒀀𒊭 𒁲𒌅𒃲 𒌅𒁉 𒅆𒈾 𒀸𒈠𒁹𒀸 · 𒅆𒋛 𒊭𒋛𒀀𒈾𒁲𒊭 𒅆𒈾 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒇻𒌓𒌅𒌨𒊏𒂍 𒋛𒌓𒁲𒀀𒉌 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒇻𒀀𒉡𒊭 𒌓𒈾 𒅆𒋛 𒀀𒊏𒂍 𒊭𒋛𒅆𒇻𒇻 𒇻𒂍𒃲𒅆𒁀𒇻𒂍 ·
𒋛𒉡𒌓 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒀀 𒆪𒌅𒀀𒊏𒋛𒂍𒊏 𒈬𒂍𒋛𒊏𒂍𒊭 𒌓𒄑 𒁀𒀀𒊭𒀀𒇻𒋛 · 𒋛𒉡𒌓 𒄩𒌅𒈾𒁲𒊏𒂍𒁲 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒂍𒅆𒃲𒄩𒋛𒉌 𒋛𒉡𒌓 𒇻𒀀𒉡𒊭 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒀀 𒊏𒂍𒇻𒅆𒂍𒄑 𒀀𒋛 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒄩𒂍𒀀𒁲 𒌓𒄑 𒅆𒋛 𒊭𒄩𒌓𒉡𒅆𒈾𒃲 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒅗𒅆𒈾𒃲 𒊏𒂍𒆠𒂍𒅆𒌨𒅆𒈾𒃲 𒋛𒄩𒂍𒈬 𒄑𒊏𒌓𒈬 𒊭𒄩𒀀𒈬𒀀𒊭𒄩 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒊭𒌅𒈾 ·
𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒈾𒀀𒈬𒂍 𒅗𒂍𒁉𒋛 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒈬𒅆𒁲𒁲𒇻𒂍 𒌓𒄑 𒄩𒅆𒊭 𒀀𒈾𒁲 𒇻𒂍𒋛 𒋛𒄩𒂍 𒊏𒂍𒊭𒋛 𒃲𒌓 · 𒀀𒈬𒈬𒌅𒊏𒀀𒁉𒅆 · 𒀀𒈬𒈬𒌓𒌅𒊏𒀀 ·
That is this page, letter for sign, through the key under the lexicon. In English:
Ammoura is named after a man who has been dead for about three thousand seven hundred and seventy years.
Hammurabi was the sixth king of Babylon and reigned from around 1792 to 1750 BC. He was an Amorite, and in his own language his name was ʻAmmurāpi. It is built out of two ordinary words.
the kinsman is a healer
Why him
Not for the conquests, though there were plenty — Larsa, Eshnunna, Mari, nearly all of Mesopotamia under one rule by the end. Those are the part of him the centuries quietly dropped.
What they kept is a block of basalt taller than a man, carved with two hundred and eighty-two laws, and set up in public. That last part is the whole of it. Before, the rules lived with the people who enforced them, and you found out what they were by breaking one. Cutting them into stone in the open changed who was allowed to know.
That is the idea this company is named after. The tools for building a business have mostly belonged to people who could already afford them. We would rather put them where you can reach them.
What the marks say
Sixteen of the signs moving behind this page. The rest are the same ones shuffled — a wall of writing, not a sentence. The tablet at the top is different: it is this page, letter for sign, with this key.
The key — thirty-six signs, one for each letter and digit
- 0𒁹
- 1𒀸
- 2𒁕
- 3𒂀
- 4𒂅
- 5𒄀
- 6𒄖
- 7𒅅
- 8𒆍
- 9𒈠
- a𒀀
- b𒁀
- c𒆠
- d𒁲
- e𒂍
- f𒄑
- g𒃲
- h𒄩
- i𒅆
- j𒍢
- k𒅗
- l𒇻
- m𒈬
- n𒈾
- o𒌓
- p𒁉
- q𒆪
- r𒊏
- s𒊭
- t𒋛
- u𒌅
- v𒌨
- w𒉡
- x𒐊
- y𒉌
- z𒍝
What happened to the stone
It was looted. The Elamites carried it off to Susa, in what is now Iran, and there it stayed, face-down in the dirt, for something like twenty-six centuries. It was dug up in 1901. It stands in the Louvre today, and the laws on it are still legible.
Two and a quarter metres of basalt. Two hundred and eighty-two laws, and a relief at the head of it showing the king receiving them from Shamash — 𒌓, the sun.
- Reigned
- c. 1792 – 1750 BC
- Sixth king of
- Babylon
- Dynasty
- First Babylonian, Amorite
- Laws
- 282
- Buried for
- ≈ 2,600 years
- The stone now
- Louvre, Paris
The name kept the middle of his and let the rest go. ʻAmmurapi. Ammoura.